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柴达木盆地格尔木河流域是青藏高原内陆“山地-绿洲-盐沼-盐湖”系统的典型流域，盐沼平原区作为流域水文循环与物质迁移的关键过渡带，对盐分汇聚、水盐转化及生态系统稳定具有核心控制作用.本研究系统梳理格尔木河流域地表水-地下水相互作用、水文地球化学演化与盐度分异机制的研究成果，重点归纳盐沼平原区高盐度形成、演化与空间分异的已有认识.结合近年水化学数据与δD-δ18O-δ13C-δ37Cl-14C等多同位素示踪结果，分析盐沼平原区地下水矿化度在0.38～286.4 g/L大幅波动的主控因素.综合分析表明：(1)流域水化学类型由上游Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3型向下游Na-Ca-Cl型有序转变，受控于水-岩作用、蒸发浓缩及高钙盐湖侧向补给的空间差异；(2)盐沼平原区地下水δ37Cl(-0.41‰～0.75‰)与14C年龄(3.41 ka～28.31 ka)显著分异，揭示末次冰期以来古地下水与现代水体发生多期混合；(3)盐沼区盐度集聚由古湖相蒸发岩持续溶解与现代极端蒸发浓缩共同驱动；在此基础上，识别出季节性水文过程量化、古卤水贡献评估与咸淡水界面动态演化等关键科学问题，提出“多尺度-多过程-多界面”一体化研究框架，为干旱区盐湖资源可持续利用与盐沼生态保护提供科学依据.
Abstract：The Golmud River Catchment in the Qaidam Basin represents a typical “mountain, oasis, marsh, and salt lake” inland river system, where the salt marsh plain plays a critical role in source and sink transformation during hydrological cycling and material transport. This paper systematically reviewed research progress on surface water and groundwater interaction mechanisms and hydrochemical evolution patterns in the Golmud River Basin, with particular emphasis on synthesizing current understanding of the formation mechanisms and evolutionary processes of salinity accumulation in the salt marsh plain. Based on recently published hydrochemical data and multiple isotopic tracing studies δD-δ18O-δ13C-δ37Cl-14C, the controlling factors governing the substantial variation in groundwater salinity(0.38～286.4 g/L) within the salt marsh plain were comprehensively analyzed. The literature review reveals the following key findings:(1)The hydrochemical type of the basin water systematically evolves from a Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 type in the upstream to a Na-Ca-Cl type in the downstream, with previous studies demonstrating that this transition reflects the spatial differentiation of dominant controlling factors, including water and rock interactions, evaporative concentration, and recharge from high-Ca saline lake water.(2)The significant variations in groundwater δ37Cl values(-0.41‰～0.75‰) and 14C ages(3.41 ka～28.31 ka) in the salt marsh plain indicate complex mixing processes between paleowaters from different periods since the last glacial period and modern water bodies.(3)Available evidence suggests that salinity accumulation in the salt marsh zone is jointly driven by continuous dissolution of paleo-lacustrine evaporites and modern extreme evaporative concentration.(4)The rapid enrichment of trace elements(B, Li, and Sr) has been attributed to the combined effects of lacustrine stratigraphic deposition and deep fluid recharge. Based on the systematic synthesis of existing research, this review identified several key scientific questions, including the quantification of seasonal hydrological processes, assessment of paleo-brine contributions, and dynamic evolution of the fresh and saline water interface. A future research framework integrating “multi-scale, multi-process, and multi-interface” approaches is proposed to provide scientific references for the sustainable exploitation of salt lake resources and the protection of salt marsh ecosystems in arid regions.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16229/j.cnki.issn1001-7542.2026201
中图分类号:P339;P342
引用信息:
[1]陈祥忠,路亮,张国伟,等.格尔木河流域盐沼平原区地表水-地下水循环补给与盐度演变机制研究综述[J].青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2026,42(02):1-14.DOI:10.16229/j.cnki.issn1001-7542.2026201.
基金信息:
青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2025ZY004)
2026-06-15
2026-06-15